KLEAN Study: FPV/r BID vs LPV/r BID, in combination with ABC/3TC

Eron JJ. Lancet. 2006 Aug 5;368(9534):476-82

Type of ARV Trial
Head-to-head comparative trials for first line ART since 2006
» PI vs PI
» FPV/r + ABC/3TC vs LPV/r + ABC/3TC
Drugs
LPV/r, FPV/r, ABC/3TC, ABC, 3TC

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  • In combination with ABC/3TC QD, FPV/r BID was non inferior to LPV/r BID
  • Virologic and immunologic outcomes at W48 were similar with FPV/r and LPV/r
  • In patients with high baseline HIV RNA and those with low baseline CD4, similar antiviral potency of the 2 PI/r was evidenced
  • Tolerability and safety, numbers of treatment discontinuations, and increases in fasting lipids were similar for FPV/r and LPV/r
  • Confirmed virologic failure was uncommon in both groups with no emergence of major protease inhibitor-associated resistance mutation in either group
  • In antiretroviral-naïve patients, FPV/r BID provides similar antiviral efficacy, immunologic response, safety and tolerability as LPV/r, both in combination with fixed dose ABC/3TC QD

Design :

Objective :

  • Non inferiority of FPV/r vs LPV/r at W48: % HIV RNA < 400 c/mL, ITT, TLOVR algorithm (lower margin of the 95% CI for the difference = - 12%, 90% power)

Baseline characteristics and patient disposition :

HIV RNA < cut-off at week 48 :

  • % HIV RNA < 50 c/mL (ITT-E, TLOVR) was similar between FPV/r and LPV/r across baseline subgroups (low or high HIV RNA, low or high CD4)
  • Median CD4 increase at W48: 176/mm3 (FPV/r) vs 191/mm3(LPV/r)
  • Virologic failures at W48 (TLOVR analysis): 26 (FPV/r) vs 30 (LPV/r), including unconfirmed HIV RNA > 400 c/mL on final visit

Resistance data :

  • Genotypic and phenotypic resistance testing was done at virologic failure:
    • Viral rebound (2 consecutives HIV RNA > 400 c/mL after achieving < 400 c/mL
    • HIV RNA > 400 c/mL at W24

Safety and tolerability: FPV/r vs LPV/r :

  • Similar frequency of premature discontinuations for adverse events: 12% vs 10%
  • Similar frequency of clinical adverse events grade 2 to 4 and laboratory abnormalities grade 3 to 4 in both groups
    • Diarrhoea was the most common adverse event, and led to treatment discontinuation in 1% and 2%, respectively
  • Similar frequency of suspected abacavir HSR: 7% vs 5%
  • Similar frequency of grade 3-4 alanine transaminase (ALT): 12% of patients with hepatitis B and/or C co-infection vs 1% in the absence of co-infection
  • Similar changes in fasting lipids at W48, including triglycerides. Use of lipid-lowering agents during the study period: 11% in both groups